Dr. Atkinson wants to know if Mary has passed his class. He…

Dr. Atkinson wants to know if Mary has passed his class. He knows that for a student to pass a class they must have good grades and good attendance. He asks himself if Mary has good grades, and realizes that he knows that a student must pass all of their assignments and all of their exams to have a good grade. He asks himself if Mary has good attendance, and realizes that he knows that a student must attend most lectures to have good attendance. Dr. Atkinson checks his knowledge base and sees that Mary passed her exams and assignments and attended most of the lectures, therefore he knows that Mary has passed his class. Is this process an example of forward chaining or backward chaining? Justify your answer.

A brave adventurer has entered the Wumpus World. The adventu…

A brave adventurer has entered the Wumpus World. The adventurer has detected breezes at (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3), (3,2), (3, 4), and (4, 3). The adventurer has detected stinks at (2, 3), (3, 2), (3, 4), and (4, 3). These locations are written in (Column, Row) format. The adventurer has traveled to every square that does not contain a pit or a Wumpus but never perceived a glitter.  You know two things are always true about Wumpus Worlds: There is not a pit in the same square as the Wumpus. The gold is never in a pit. What square is the gold in and how did you reach that conclusion?