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If there is a close relationship between the complainant and the offender, the police are more likely to take official action, such as an arrest.

CALEA currently has 944 standards that a police department must meet for accreditation.

Testimonial evidence is based on the opinions of individuals who have strong political beliefs about the importance of diversity or whose experience has led them to believe that a diverse department is either more or less effective.

Studies of the performance of women officers found that female officers __________.

Which of the following strategies have led to public reassurance and reductions in fear of crime?

_____ targets the reduction of physical (e.g., graffiti) and social (e.g., prostitution) disorder to reduce serious crime.

Some agencies that employ predictive policing have established real-time crime centers, whose purpose is to ___.

Which of the following is NOT one of the areas of research on the police use of deadly force?

Which of the following is NOT a dimension of procedural justice?

An officer’s assignment appears to be a much more important predictor of the use of deadly force than age, intelligence, and educational background.