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Write a 500-word essay responding to the following prompt: Describe a significant challenge you have faced and how you overcame it. What did you learn from this experience? Your essay should include: An introduction with a clear thesis statement At least three body paragraphs with specific examples and details A conclusion that summarizes your main points

The ara operon is an inducible operon that controls the breakdown of the sugar arabinose. When arabinose is present in a bacterium it binds to the protein AraC, and the complex binds to the initiator site to promote transcription. In this scenario, AraC is a(n) ________.

A scientist identifies a potential transcription regulation site 300bp downstream of a gene and hypothesizes that it is a repressor. What experiment (with results) could he perform to support this hypothesis?

Cancer causing genes are called ________.

In E. coli, the trp operon is on by default, while the lac operon is off. Why do you think that this is the case? 

An unprocessed pre-mRNA has the following structure (5′ to 3′): exon of 50 bp, intron of 110 bp, exon of 70 bp, intron of 20 bp, exon of 130 bp, intron of 75 bp, and exon of 30 bp. Which of the following is not a possible size (in bp) of the mature mRNA?

Which of the following are true of epigenetic changes?

In females, one of the two X chromosomes is inactivated during embryonic development because of epigenetic changes to the chromatin. What impact do you think these changes would have on nucleosome packing? 

Some autoimmune diseases show a positive correlation with dramatically decreased expression of histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9, an enzyme that removes acetyl groups from histones). Why would the decreased expression of HDAC9 cause immune cells to produce inflammatory genes at inappropriate times?

A scientist identifies a pre-mRNA with the following structure What is the predicted size of the corresponding mature mRNA in base pairs (bp), excluding the 5’ cap and 3’ poly-A tail?