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Analyze the following: The pickled piper snare is a small green flightless bird about the size and shape of a tennis ball. At some point in the past, a mutation arose and individuals with longer legs were able to have more offspring (larger egg clutch). This enhanced fitness because the taller birds were able to reach little caterpillars that were abundant at the top of small bushes. Eventually, the taller leggy pickled piper snares grew very round (the size a soft ball) due to all the stored fat and could have even more babies because they were eating so well. Eventually, their legs were so long that they began having difficulties performing daily tasks such as drinking water. Without water, the tallest birds began to die. Besides eating the caterpillars, there was no longer an advantage to having even longer legs. What type of selection resulted in long legged pickled piper snares?  

Which of the following is considered a “basic assumption” for constructing phylogenetic trees?

A morphological-based phylogeny is a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships.

Analyze the following: A cuckoo lays her eggs in the nest of a reed warbler. The reed warbler is hardwired to care for all young in the nest, so she cares for the baby cuckoo bird. The mother cuckoo can be best categorized as a…

In 2013, Randolph Nesse proposed a revision of Tinbergen’s Four Questions to better integrate evolutionary and proximate explanations in biology and medicine. Reflect on what you have learned about this topic and select the statement that is true.

The possible extent of dissection and difficulty of imaging the proximal and very distal arteries with ultrasound means that alternative imaging is usually required to confirm the diagnosis.

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The circle of Willis provides multiple communications between intracranial arteries and collateral pathways to ensure cerebral perfusion remains intact and the brain is adequately perfused with oxygenated blood, even in the presence of flow-limiting lesions.

What is the function of circle of Willis?

More diluted formulations of epinephrine that are available in the concentration of  _______ are safer for patients who are cardiovascularly compromised or elderly patients sensitive to epinephrine. More concentrated formulations that are available in the concentration of  _______ provide the greatest bleeding control.