Which of the following is the best choice for an orthotic fo…

Which of the following is the best choice for an orthotic for a child who has cerebral palsy, spastic diplegia, with spasticity (1+ on Ashworth scale) of the hamstrings and heel cords, with moderate control of the ankle (muscle grades 2+/5 dorsiflexion and 3/5 plantarflexion, 2/5inversion and eversion), full ROM at the ankle, excessive calcaneal valgus and ambulates independently?

The physical therapist is treating an 4-year-old boy with Do…

The physical therapist is treating an 4-year-old boy with Down syndrome who began walking at 3 1/2 years old. He walks with a severly wide-based gait, motion primarily in the sagittal plane only, and no balance strategies at the ankle,and relies on hip and trunk strategies.  He is unable to achieve  single leg balance. He often times falls when walking outside. He demonstrates 12 degrees of calcaneal valgus bilaterally. What type of orthotic would you recommend for this child?

A physical therapist is evaluating the child in the scenario…

A physical therapist is evaluating the child in the scenario below for a new wheelchair, which position should the child be positioned in to begin the examination? Billy is a 15 year old child who has a diagnosis of cerebral palsy (spastic quadriparesis, Gross Motor Function Classification Scale level IV). He uses a power wheelchair for mobility.  He demonstrates extensor spasticity in bilateral adductors, hamstrings, heelcords, biceps, and wrist flexors. He has independent bed mobility.  The child is able to sit statically, with posterior pelvic tilt, and thoracic kyphosis on a stable surface with minimal assistance. Billy stands with maximal assistance.