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What is thought to be the principal stimulus promoting a “B” phase of the Kondratieff cycle?

With respect to world-systems analysis, the hegemonies that have occurred within the world system seem to have taken place within “B” phases of the Kondratieff cycle.

As per your text (Chapter 5), why does nationalism and nationalists so heavily emphasize rural landscape imagery and references, even when the state’s population is overwhelmingly urban?

All of the following are components of an ‘Illiberal democracy’ BUT ONE. Name the one that is ‘not’ a feature of an ‘illiberal democracy’.

What is the term “The Politics of Failure” referring to?

Your text (Chapter 4) spends a good deal of time talking about something called ‘the new localism’. Here are a couple of quotes from the text about it: “economic development is now regarded as best planned at a local or regional scale and driven by local business interests; while social problems such as poverty, homelessness, are represented as being embedded in local communities and best tackled by volunteers and non-profit organisations” (p. 67) … “The new localism might therefore be accurately defined as ‘the decentralization of responsibility, but not power, from the national to local level”’ (p. 68). This description of the ‘new localism’ should resonate with you because it is summarized within another term that I provided you during this section of this course. What term ‘encompasses’ this description?

With respect to world-systems analysis, core wars have been progressively lengthening in duration since the mid-17th century.

Within the world systems framework, the elite are the principal promoters of the general celebration of nationalism. Why? Although some or all options may have some article of truth about it, select the ROOT, BEST and the MOST COMPREHENSIVE answer.

Which classification of countries does not have the daily costs of living (including household expenses) integrated into the costs of the products they produce?

As per your readings (Stiglitz, Monbiot and even Ha-Joon Chang) and my referencing in video lecture, there is a fundamental hypocrisy/contradiction of the developed countries – and the US specifically, as its leader – with respect to recommendations made to the underdeveloped countries of the world. What is this hypocrisy/contradiction?