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Once sufficient interest has been indicated by the employees (usually by signing union authorization cards), the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) issues an order that the union will represent the employees in collective bargaining

In providing reasonable accommodation, courts have found that it is an undue hardship for the employer if he or she: 

Bob, an environmental enthusiast, volunteers to work as an intern at Green Dragon International, a non-profit organization dedicated to environmental protection. Green Dragon hires Bob without any pay. Which of the following is most likely to be true in this case?

Mary, the administrator of pension and welfare plans for the Golden Lion Tamarin Corporation, invests all of the participants’ funds in the stock of Lemur Industries Inc. The stock price plummets, resulting in a loss for the participants. Thus, Mary has:

Under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), a welfare plan is any plan, program, or fund that the employer maintains to provide the following: medical, surgical, or hospital care; benefits for sickness, accident, disability, or death; unemployment benefits; vacation benefits; apprenticeship and training programs; day care centers; scholarship funds; prepaid legal services; or severance pay.

In 1990, Congress enacted the Older Workers’ Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA), amending section 4(f) of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA). The OWBPA:

According to U.S. labor law, all union members have the right to attend union meetings and to vote on union business.

There is a host of actions an employer cannot undertake during unionizing campaigns, often referred to as NO HOPS (handouts, orders, promises, or spying).

Bob, a critical care nurse at a private hospital, tests positive for HIV during one of the routine health checkups conducted for all hospital employees. Whenever an employee whose job requires him or her to have direct contact with patients tests positive for a blood-borne disease, the hospital shifts him or her to a desk job with no change in his salary. Bob refuses this arrangement. He requests that the hospital hire a part-time nurse to follow him on his shift and to keep a check on him. The hospital denies his request and fires Bob because of his unwillingness to move to the desk job. Which of the following holds true in this case?

In order to establish that a requested accommodation constitutes an undue hardship under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), it must be shown that the accommodation will impose a significant obligation on the part of the employer.