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Urothelial carcinoma in the right ureter along with urothelial carcinoma of the left Ureter. How many primary and what is the M Rule? (there will be more than 1 answer)

CT Chest revealed 2cm nodule in the RUL c/w bronchogenic malignancy, right subcarinal lymph nodes suspicious for involvement. PET scan showed 2.2cm mass with extension into the chest wall. Lobectomy was performed revealing 4cm squamous cell carcinoma in the right upper lobe, parietal pleura involved, pericardial effusion positive for carcinoma, 2 subcarinal nodes neg for malignancy. What is the pathological stage group?

Patient presented for TURP. The medical record only tells us that the patient has elevated PSA of 9.62. Biopsy revealed prostatic adenocarcinoma, G4, in the right and left apex, Gleason score of 9. MRI of Pelvis revealed extraprostatic extension of the prostatic mass, no LAD seen. Radical prostatectomy performed revealing prostate carcinoma, with extraprostatic extension, no seminal vesicle involvement, Gleason score of 10, 1/4 external iliac LN pos, margins are clear. What is the clinical stage group?

CTAP revealed bladder thickening w/ suspicious lymph nodes. Biopsy of the sacral and mesenteric lymph nodes revealed urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. TURB performed revealing urothelial carcinoma, HG, invades muscularis propria. What is the Summary Stage?

A bank is building a fraud detection system. One analyst argues that every suspicious transaction should be flagged, even if many legitimate customers get blocked. Which response is the best?

A team fits a predictive model and then bootstraps the dataset many times. They find that the estimated model performance varies a lot across resamples. What does this suggest, and how should it affect their confidence in the model?

Why can a statistical anomaly detection method fail badly on real data?

The receptor for hearing is called the

What does K-means primarily try to minimize?

Which of the following must be composed of more than one element?