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Discuss at least two similarities and two differences between the male and female HPGA.

Which process removes substances from the peritubular capillary that were too big to be filtered out at the glomerulus?

As blood passes through the glomerulus, the concentration of large proteins:

What happens when decreased stretch is detected in the afferent arteriole?

There is a high concentration of testosterone in the testes because that is where testosterone is produced.  Injected anabolic steroids increase testosterone levels in the blood but not the testes.  Based on your understanding of the male HPGA, how will sperm levels will be affected by a male using performance-enhancing anabolic steroids?

Atrial natriuretic peptide decreases reabsorption.  This leads to a/an __________________ in blood volume and a/an ___________________ in blood pressure.

This has been a hard class and a hard exam.  As a reward for finishing here are two free points :).  Select “A” as the answer.

A molecule of water filtered out of the bloodstream but NOT reabsorbed will exit the nephron through:

The graph above shows how blood glucose levels change over time after ingesting high, medium, or low GIycemic Index foods.  Assume you are treating a patient who is extremely hypoglycemic (meaning blood sugar levels are dangerously low).  If you want to increase their blood sugar as quickly as possible, which type of food would you want to give them?

When estrogen exerts POSITIVE feedback on the anterior pituitary, what happens to levels of FSH and LH?