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Researchers at the Allied Mental Health Center are conducting a study to determine how quickly symptoms of depression are reduced by different forms of psychotherapy. What is the independent variable in this study?

Which of the following statements regarding chromosomes are true? (Please choose all that apply.)

Choose the list that contains only molecules that are involved in DNA replication in a cell. Note that this cell has not been infected with any viruses.

Recall that energy from passing high-energy electrons down the “steps” of the electron transport chain is harnessed to move protons (via active transport) into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. How does this help the mitochondrion to produce energy?

Fermentation reactions help cells because fermentation ______.

A solution of lemon juice has a pH of 2 and milk has a pH of 6.  The hydrogen ion concentration of lemon juice is  ______ than the hydrogen ion concentration of milk.

During which phase do homologous chromosomes separate?

You are analyzing DNA to determine which suspect was at a crime scene with a victim. You have PCR amplified short tandem repeats (STRs) from the samples and separated them via gel electrophoresis to perform “DNA fingerprinting” as follows. DNA sources are noted above each lane: Victim (Lane 1), Suspect 1 (Lane 2), Suspect 2 (Lane 3), and Crime Scene (Lane 4). DNA was loaded into wells at the top of the gel, near the lane-labels  (i.e. “Victim”, etc.).  Question:  Some of your bands in lab looked brighter than others; similarly, some bands in this gel are thicker than others. If one band looks thicker (or brighter) than another, what does this tell us about this thicker band, i.e., why is it thicker? A sentence or two should suffice.

Which of the following processes produces the most ATP?

Background: In lab, students are studying growth of radishes (a fast-growing plant).   Question: Which of the following is an example of a hypothesis related to their work?