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What is the characteristic reaction of carboxylic acid derivatives?

Bonus question A compound with molecular formula C9H10O2 exhibits a triplet at d 1.2 (3H), a quartet at d 2.6 (2H), a doublet at d 7.3 (2H), a doublet at d 8.0 (2H) and a singlet at d 11 (1H) in its 1H NMR spectrum. Provide the IUPAC name of the structure that matches the above information.

Provide the structure for 4-ethylbenzoyl chloride.

Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing water solubility, putting the least soluble compound first.

Arrange the following compounds in order of decreasing acidity.

Predict the product for the following reaction.         

What is the Aldol addition product formed from the reaction of acetone, (CH3)2CO, with itself?

If a Claisen condensation reaction is run using methyl propanoate as the reactant, NaOCH3 is the ideal base. Why is it important to use NaOCH3 and not NaOCH2CH3?

Which of the following is not a good method to make 2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid?

Which of the following is the best method to prepare aspirin?