Justin is celebrating his 2nd birthday with his family when…

Justin is celebrating his 2nd birthday with his family when his father comes in with his biggest gift, a golden retriever puppy. After placing the dog in front of his son, he says: “Don’t be scared, Scruffy is sure to be as nice as Tiger, our cat!” Justin loves his present and exclaims, “Kitty!” as he pets the dog. This is an example of:

In a false-belief task, the experimenter shows kids a box of…

In a false-belief task, the experimenter shows kids a box of crayons and asks children what is inside. All children answer, “crayons.” Next, he shows them that the box actually contains candy. Finally, he asks them what a friend who has not seen the contents of the box would say was inside. Three-year-olds will answer _____, and 5-year-olds will answer _____.