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The Visigothic dynasty in Spain was plagued by disputed royal elections and successions and resulting dynastic instability.

Prior to Muhammad beginning to teach his prophecy and his new faith, Arabic peoples

One result of the Crusades was an increase of religious intolerance toward Jews and unorthodox Christians during the High Middle Ages. 

The Capetian dynasty helped contribute to the consolidation and stability of the political evolution of France partially by

Prior to Muhammad beginning to teach his prophecy and his new faith, Arabic peoples

During the High Middle Ages, Spain became a strongly unified country. 

Typically, town charters of the High Middle Ages required townspeople to provide labor and military services to the lord who granted the charter.

Having helped lead Byzantium to a successful defense of Constantinople, Emperor Leo III initiated the iconoclast movement to strengthen his control over the Orthodox Church and to

The Crusades had little to do with the revival of trade during the High Middle Ages.

Initially a disruptive force, the ___________ played a major role in the creation of new kingdoms and cultural patterns after the decline of the Carolingian Empire.