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2.    Art Blakey was known for which of the following:

2.    Provide an overview of the formation, career, and contributions of the Modern Jazz Quartet.

19.  Stan Kenton was an important figure in the development of Jazz Education programs.

1.    Provide a brief overview of Hard Bop, including major sub-genres, essential style characteristics, and leading musicians.

14.  Lennie Tristano was an important pianist, composer, band leader, and teacher of Cool Jazz

2.    Charlie Parker was one of the most important early figures in the “Cool Era.”

4.    The career of Miles Davis can be characterized as fixed, stable, and focused in a specific musical genre.

9.    Sonny Stitt was hailed as the “New Bird.”

Section 5 – Essay – Choose ONLY ONE of the essay questions below. (15 points)

7.    Contrafaction refers to melodies of standard popular songs replaced with new angular “bebop” melodies while retaining the basic original chord progression.