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Use the study data outlined below to answer the next 5 questions. A study of people with and without multiple sclerosis (MS) was used to test the idea that the disease is caused by blood flow restriction resulting from a vein condition known as chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI).  Of 39 randomly sampled patients with MS, 25 were found to have CCSVI and 14 were not.  Of 26 healthy control subjects, 14 were found to have CCSVI and 12 were not.

Provide a definition of an imperfect and an incomplete flower. (0.5pts each)

Question 4 Use the appropriate test to calculate the test statistic (Formula page provided at the start of the Experimental Biology & Biostatistics exam module)

Question 1 What is the explanatory variable?

Why might increased soil fertility result in lower species diversity?

Alleopathy and facilitation are two non-competition processes that shape plant communities. Describe each of these processes (0.5pts) and give an example of each (0.5pts).

Which of the following is a major category of secondary chemicals in plants?

What is the latitudinal richness gradient? (0.5pts) Give two hypotheses that may explain the processes behind this pattern (0.5pts each; 1pt total).

Which statistical test should you use for each example given below?

The highest recorded temperature during the month of July for a given year in Death Valley has an approximately normal distribution with a mean of 123.8 F and standard deviation of 3.1 F. What Z-score would you use to find the probability for a given year that the temperature never exceeds 120 F in a given July in Death Valley?