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[FinA] Kelly manipulated the quality of reinforcers, comparing the pecking responses of pigeons under low-quality reinforcers and high-quality reinforcers. This is an example of:

[FinA] Julian was having coffee with his co-workers and asked for their input about a situation involving his brother. When the family moved, Julian’s brother told him that he had gotten a new job and would leave for work every day. Julian found out that his brother was not being truthful and has not been working for the past three months. Julian states that he doesn’t think his brother values honesty. Which of the following is an explanation of the value of honesty from the perspective of a radical behaviorist?

A Classical concerto features a solo instrumentalist?  

[FinA] Alan always turns in lost items that he finds on the ground as he believes he owes it to the original owner to be helpful. Alan is considering ethics at which level?

[FinA] Bobbi enjoys swimming. However, if the pool water is above 94 degrees, or below 92 degrees, he refuses to enter the pool. This is an example of a:

[FinA] When Aubrey was a child, he was naturally inclined to use his left hand. However, his mother preferred for him to use his right. Every time he used his left, she would lightly smack that hand. When he used his right, she would praise him. Now, Aubrey only uses his right hand. This is an example of:

[FinA] Which of the following is an example of a structural definition?

The viola is capable of producing the highest pitches in the string section.  

[MidB] Darlene says that trying to look at environmental variables that contribute to poverty is problematic because people do not need excuses. Instead, people should take responsibility for their actions. What would be a counterpoint to Darlene’s argument against determinism?

This exam contains 5 questions. You must choose 2 questions to answer. All questions are equally weighted. Below, you will see a list of all 5 questions. After that, there are two answer boxes—one for each of your chosen questions.Use one box per answer. Since there are only two boxes, you only need to answer 2 out of the 5 questions. Within each answer box, please ensure you tell us which question you are answering. For example: ‘I am answering Question 1’. Discuss the pathophysiology of colorectal cancer. Include in your answer the histological and molecular changes which lead to normal mucosa developing into an advanced carcinoma with specific reference to the Vogelstein model (70%), and which treatment options are available including targeted therapies (30%) Discuss the epidemiology (25%), risk factors (25%) and disease progression including molecular basis of disease for non-small cell lung cancer and how fibrosis of the lung can develop (50%) Evaluate the role of autophagy in cancer, including in your answer a discussion of the molecular mechanisms of autophagy and how this knowledge can be applied to cancer prognosis and treatment.   4a) Discuss the pathobiology of HPV infection in cervical cancer. Discuss the molecular mechanism and the transition of tissue from normal to abnormal during disease progression detailing how the cytopathology can identify these transitions.           (60%) 4b) Discuss the improvements to cervical cancer screening and public health and how that has improved outcomes for the health of the population of the UK. (40%)   Discuss the importance of androgen receptor signalling in the pathophysiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. In your answer, contrast the different means by which this signalling pathway can be targeted in the treatment of patients with these diseases as well as comparing and contrasting the histological changes seen in both diseases. (100%)