Blog

From the leaky/token bucket comparison: how does the LEAKY bucket output differ from the TOKEN bucket output?

A learning bridge maintains a forwarding table that maps MAC addresses to ports. When a frame arrives whose destination MAC is already in the table, what does the bridge do?

From the import/export policy figure: AS X learns a route to prefix p from one of its CUSTOMERS. To which neighbors will X export p, in the standard Gao–Rexford convention?

EvoArch models competition between protocols at the same layer. Under this model, when do two protocols compete?

In DRR, each flow has a QUANTUM Q (bytes added to its credit per round) and a DEFICIT counter. What problem does the deficit counter solve compared to plain round robin?

Why does the count-to-infinity scenario take MANY iterations to converge instead of jumping straight to the correct 51?

Both firewalls and NAT boxes are considered violations of the end-to-end principle. What is the shared reason?

AS X announces p to the route server, but X has configured an export filter blocking AS Z. What does AS Z see?

Technology companies frequently retain earnings rather than distribute them as dividends.

Network effects occur when a product becomes more valuable as more people use it.