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A small molecular machine called a spliceosome is responsible for removing the portions of the mRNA that will not be translated into the amino acid sequence. The remaining segments, called ______, are joined together to form the mature mRNA.

Viruses contain or can contain: Single stranded RNA Double stranded RNA Single stranded DNA Double stranded DNA

Darwin drew very remarkable conclusions from his research on the Galapagos Islands. What two principles were not part of his book, On the Origin of the Species by Natural Selection?

In the pathway that produces tryptophan, there are 3 enzyme catalyzed steps involved in converting the precursor molecule into the finished amino acid.   On the left side, a vertical sequence shows the conversion of molecules through enzymatic steps. At the top is a pink rectangle labeled Precursor. A pink arrow labeled Enzyme 1 points downward to a pink pentagon shape. Another pink arrow labeled Enzyme 2 points downward to two connected pink shapes, a hexagon and a square. A third pink arrow labeled Enzyme 3 points downward to two connected pink shapes, a hexagon and a square, which are labeled Tryptophan at the bottom. On the right side, three blue DNA double helix structures are shown vertically. The top helix is labeled trpC gene with a light blue arrow pointing left toward Enzyme 1. The middle helix is labeled trpB gene with a light blue arrow pointing left toward Enzyme 2. The bottom helix is labeled trpA gene with a light blue arrow pointing left toward Enzyme 3. If tryptophan accumulates in the cell, it signals the first enzyme in the pathway to stop converting the precursor molecule. When more is needed, the enzyme will be activated and the pathway will proceed. This type of metabolic control is called ______.

For DNA transcription, euchromatin decondenses to the level of:

Proponents of genetically modified foods argue that

______ are gene sequences that can change their position within the genome. In most cases they are probably detrimental, as they can cause disruptions to the normal functioning of crucial proteins, but they can also introduce new genetic variation as they move exons, genetic control elements, or even entire genes to new locations.

Prior to the 1980’s insulin was extracted from the pancreases of cattle and pigs. The chemical structure was similar to human insulin, but some people had allergic or negative immune system reactions to the compound.  Now, companies are able to produce and purify human insulin on a very large scale. What technology has made this possible?

The orca, or “killer whale” is actually part of the dolphin family, called Delphinidae, and is referred to by the scientific name Orcinus orca. What is the name of the genus?

The ______ consists of all the different alleles at every genetic locus in all members of the population.