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Formin nucleates the growth of parallel actin bundles in the cell. Additionally, myosin motor activity is positively regulated by phosphorylation. The monomeric G protein RhoA is important in cytokinesis because it directly or indirectly …

BONUS (2 points) Choose a topic from the cell biology lecture that was not directly addressed on this exam and explain it.

As a result of the Revolution, Loyalists lost their homes, their land, and their jobs.

What did Loyalists believe? 

Endotoxins are composed of what type of molecule(s)? (select ALL that applies)

mRNA is needed to synthesize _______ .

Some bacteria acquire resistance to antibiotics by gaining genes that code for drug efflux pumps. These efflux pumps are proteins that move the drug from the inside of the cell to the outside before it is able to disrupt cellular processes.   Explain the process used by a bacterium to produce these efflux pumps.

You found an open jar of pickles in your cabinet. You have no idea how long they have been open and notice that there is microbial growth in the jar. The microbes that are spoiling the pickles are best described as:

mRNA is needed to synthesize _______ .

You are studying bacteria in a lab setting. You want to know if your bacterium is able to use citrate as a carbon source and ammonium as a nitrogen source. To complete this test you use citrate agar, which contains 5g NaCl, 2g Sodium citrate, 1g Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 1g diphosphate, 15g Agag, and 0.08g bromothymol blue. Bromothymol blue is a pH indicator. If a bacterium is able to grow and use the citrate and ammonium salts the pH increases and the media turns blue.  How is this media described?