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An 18-year-old boy gets hit during a football game and comes to your ortho clinic complaining of knee pain. Upon imaging, you note a small nodule on the surface of the femur. The biopsy shows a benign cartilage proliferation. Your diagnosis is:

Which of these lesions is benign

Why are x-rays (photons) used for therapeutic radiation?

You are interested in collecting Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) from a cancer patient to track tumor recurrence. What is the most recent (last) step in the process of metastasis (the Invasion-Metastasis cascade) that a cancer cell must have completed in order to be a CTC?

This cervical biopsy image represents: 

Which of these is a high risk HPV serotyping

Which of the following drugs binds selectively to a mutated BRAF?

Ms. Nganu is a 56 y/o woman with newly diagnosed breast cancer that is estrogen receptor positive. You are providing informed consent for tamoxifen and she asks you how does tamoxifen work. What is the mechanism of action of tamoxifen?

In 2016, Novartis received FDA approval to use LEE011 (ribociclib), in combination with letrozole, for the treatment of HR+ HER2– breast cancer. LEE011 is a specific inhibitor of G1 CDK complexes. Reduced phosphorylation of which of the following proteins best explains the underlying mechanism of the antineoplastic activity of LEE011?

A 75-year-old male comes to your office with blood in his stool; colonoscopy reveals a circumferential colon mass that upon resection shows the below histology. Your diagnosis is: