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A physical therapist assistant observes gait in a 4 year-old boy.  The patient walks with his toes pointed outward.  The PTA concludes that:

What is the primary function of the soleus muscle during the stance phase of gait?

Normal ROM for mandibular depression is:

A 23 year-old college student has been receiving physical therapy for B TMJ pain.  The PT asks the PTA to collect data about the patient’s TMJ range of motion.  Of the following, which would be considered abnormal (excessive or reduced) TMJ AROM?

An articular process in the spine is also called a(n):

A patient with shoulder pain is receiving modalities and therapeutic exercise three times per week.  The chart indicates impingement syndrome is suspected.  At which one of the following joints or articulations would impingement of the supraspinatus tendon truly occur?

A PTA is treating a patient with an injury to the knee sustained while playing rugby.  Upon reviewing the initial evaluation, the PTA reads that the patient had a negative anterior drawer test and a positive McMurray’s test.  The patient MOST likely has a:

In the period after initial contact of gait, what type of muscle contraction takes place in the ankle dorsiflexors?

A 45 year-old female with a 6-month history of lateral epicondylitis is being treated in an outpatient clinic.  She reports gripping activities, such as those required when shoveling snow or playing tennis, being the most painful and wonders why.  The BEST explanation would be:

A PTA is working to provide gait training to a patient with a leg length discrepancy.  In documenting the gait observed, the PTA recognizes that the most accurate term to describe the first part of stance in all ambulatory people is: