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How does a straw work?  Would it work if the bottle was stiff (unable to change shape) and air-tight?

We put water into the freezer and it needs 1000 units of energy removed to have it become ice.  To get the ice does the freezer need to do i) more than, ii) less than or iii) equal to 1000 units of work?  Justify your answer with the laws of thermodynamics.

What is the primary reason why the shaft of a bicycle pump heats up when pumping air into some object?  (recall that friction is the lesser of the effects seen)

The pedicle of a vertebra is: attached to the body

On the fibula, which structure is the most proximal? head

When performing a standard pushup exercise, the forearm is: pronated

Identify the bony landmarks labeled A-C in this image. A – occipital condyle B – foramen magnum C – mastoid process

The anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) runs the length of the vertebral column, connecting the anterior surfaces of all vertebral bodies.  In which position would the ALL be stretched (under the most tension)? extension/hyperextension

What bone and bony landmark articulates with structure A in this image? (You must give the name of the bone AND the specific landmark for full credit.) C1 (atlas), superior articular facets

How is the upper extremity attached to the axial skeleton? sternoclavicular joint