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Which of the following methods would be accurate in determining the precise time to breed a bitch to ensure peak fertility?

You are presented with a cow that was inseminated 285 days ago and was confirmed pregnant to that breeding. She now has evidence of malodorous fetal membranes at her vulva. Upon vaginal examination the cervix is found to be fully open allowing for palpation of a non-viable calf. The calf’s head is flexed back to the right. Which of the following would be the most appropriate treatment?

The most common bacteria isolated in cases of canine pyometra is ___________.

A male reptile is presented to you because he recently mated and one of his hemipenes got stuck out and now appears to be infected. When considering surgery for this condition, it is important to remember:

One week ago, you performed a routine fecal EPG on 2 randomly selected ram lambs (approximately 6 and 8 months of age) from an owners herd. Fecal EPG revealed approximately 2500 Eimeria sp. per gram of feces. You choose to treat these two animals with Amprolium orally, a well known coccidiostat, for 5 days duration. Shortly after treatment began, the owner noted that the lambs had become depressed, anorexic, and had been stumbling around the pasture. You recommend examining the lambs again. On presentation, both lambs appear to be star gazing, and have dorsomedial strabismus. As a new veterinarian, you realize you may have forgotten an important addition to this routine coccidia treatment in sheep. What would be one important step in saving these lambs lives?

Using the formula for calculating the amount of bicarbonate that must be administered to correct the bicarbonate deficit in an acidotic calf weighing 40 kg, determine the total amount of bicarbonate in milliequivalents (mEq) that the calf requires over the next 12 – 24 hours if its plasma TCO2 is 10 mmol/L, and average normal plasma TCO2 is 25 mmol/L .  The total amount required is:

You arrive at your clinic at 8 AM and see that a cow has calved overnight and has fetal membranes hanging from the vulva. The calf is normal and is now standing and nursing well. Your night watchman indicates the cow had not calved at 5AM when he came through checking on things. Which of the following would be most appropriate?

You are called to examine a group of dairy calves, because a few of them have lesions in their mouths.  The affected calves have round, red lesions on their gums, and one calf also has lesions on its lips.  The lesions are somewhat raised around the edges.  The calves otherwise appear to be normal; no calf has diarrhea or lesions on their feet or any other body parts.  No calves have a fever and they all seem to be eating pretty well, though some are a little thin.  Lesions on one of the affected calves are shown in this picture: These lesions are MOST LIKELY due to: 

The host adapted species of Leptospira in the cow is ______________.

In January the owner of a 4-year-old Jersey cow that calved yesterday calls because the cow is recumbent in the fresh cow pen and he cannot get her to rise for the morning milking. When you arrive on the farm you note that her head is turned into her flank. The cow’s temperature is 98.9oF, heart rate is 92 beats/minute, and respiratory rate is 32 breaths/min. On physical examination, the muzzle is dry, and pupillary light reflexes are sluggish to absent. Heart sounds are difficult to hear, and no rumen contractions are auscultated. Which of the following would be a reasonable recommendation for this farmer to reduce the incidence of this problem in future calving cows?