A radiograph of an AP axial projection of the cervical spine…

A radiograph of an AP axial projection of the cervical spine reveals that the intervertebral joints are not open. The following factors were used for this projection: 5˚ cephalad angle, 40-inch (100 cm) SID, grid, slight extension of the skull, and the CR centered to the thyroid cartilage. Which of the following modifications should be made during the repeat exposure?

A radiograph of an AP projection of the lumbar spine on an a…

A radiograph of an AP projection of the lumbar spine on an average-size patient reveals that the psoas major muscles and transverse processes are not visible. The following factors were used for this projection: AEC with center ionization chamber, 95 kV, 40-inch (102-cm) SID, grid, and 14 x 17-inch (35 x 43-cm) image receptor. Which of the following modifications will be most effective in demonstrating these structures?