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The following are either LRFD or ASD load combinations. Which one(s) are for ASD? Select all that apply.

A 3/8 in. x 6 in. plate must resist a service dead load of 29 kips and a service live load of 33 kips in tension. The plate is connected to a gusset with four 1 in. bolts. Standard sizing is used for the bolt holes. The steel is ASTM A572 Grade 42: Fy = 42 ksi, Fu = 60 ksi. Assume that Ae = An. Using LRFD, does the plate have enough strength?

The symbol Ω represents _______, while the symbol φ represents _______.

Nominal strength = Allowable strength / Safety factor

A steel member is labeled as a W18x50. The 50 indicates the _______ of the member.

For ASD, the safety factor for fracture is smaller than the safety factor for yielding.

A 3/4 in. x 5.0 in. plate is connected to a gusset with three 1/2 in. bolts. Standard sizing is used for the bolt holes. The steel is ASTM A572 Grade 60: Fy = 60 ksi, Fu = 75 ksi. Assume that Ae = An. Compute the design strength for LRFD.

A 0.67 in. x 12.0 in. plate is connected to a gusset with eight 3/4 in. bolts. Standard sizing is used for the bolt holes. What is the net area of the plate?

Which is larger—the net area or the gross area of a tension member with bolt holes?

A 5/8 in. x 5.0 in. plate is connected to a gusset with three 1/2 in. bolts. Standard sizing is used for the bolt holes. The steel is ASTM 1066 Grade 50: Fy = 50 ksi, Fu = 65 ksi. Assume that Ae = An. Compute the allowable strength for ASD.