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Short Answer Scenario 2: Imagine you read a news headline that states: “Taking notes by hand may lead to better learning.” In the study, researchers had students take notes on a TED talk in a classroom and then tested their understanding of the material with a multiple-choice exam. A third of the students were randomly assigned to take notes with a laptop, another third was randomly assigned to take notes with an iPad, and the last third was randomly assigned to take notes by hand. The results suggested that there was a statistically significant difference in exam scores such that participants who took notes by hand performed significantly better than the participants who took notes by laptop or iPad. Additional Study Details: The researchers controlled for the video content (all participants watched the same TED talk), no participants were allowed to access their notes during the exam, and they were all given the same exam with the same time limit. In addition, they did not allow participants to access anything on the laptop or iPad besides the document they used to take notes. Part 1: Identify and define the three criteria of causation. Part 2: Note whether or not these researchers have met each criterion and explain why/why not. Grading: Identify and define the three criteria of causation (3 points). Note whether each criterion is met and why/why not (3 points).  

  QUESTION 15     The product of 5 and 8 is 35. (1)

  QUESTION 3     There are 11 players on a soccer team. 88 boys want to play soccer, how many soccer teams would there be? (1)

SCENARIO: Dr. Kushner is planning on conducting a study next semester. He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance. For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr. Kushner is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then wake them. After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr. Kushner plans to let them return to sleep. As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure. He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session. The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test. QUESTION: Kushner plans to tell his participants that the reason he is waking them up during the night is to recalibrate the EEG machine. This would be an example of which of the following?

Providing participants false feedback about their performance on an experimental task can be considered a form of deception. True or false?

  QUESTION 13     Answer true or false to the questions below: (1)   The difference between 230 and 190 is 40.  

What is the difference between data that is collected anonymously and data that is collected confidentially?

Which PSYCInfo search would give you more responses?

Some variables can be either manipulated or measured.

SCENARIO: Dr. Rodriquez is considering conducting a study examining whether people who score higher on a measure of narcissism have poorer romantic relationships. One of her first tasks is to determine each participant’s level of narcissism. She decides to use a narcissism scale created by a colleague, the Donal Scale. Question 1 of the Donal Scale reads, “I think about myself much more than I think about others.” Question 2 of the Donal Scale reads, “I do not have a high opinion of myself.” Question 3 of the Donal Scale reads, “Other people think I am really special.” Participants are asked to respond to these items using a 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) scale.   Before using the measure in her study, Dr. Rodriquez gives the measure to a group of participants on the first day of the semester and again on the last day of the semester. She then compares the scores between the two time points. This is a test of __________________. Dr. Rodriguez then examines the scatterplot of the data she collected on the first day of the semester and the last day of the semester. On the scatterplot, she sees that the dots are very close to forming a diagonal line. This scatterplot indicates _______________________.