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This form became Beethoven’s replacement for the minuet and trio as the third movement of symphonies and sonatas.  It is a fast, rushing movement which is more dramatic than the minuet.

The greatest musical form of the Baroque era, employing solo and choral vocal forces with orchestral accompaniment and continuo in the forms of recitative, aria, and chorus in multiple scenes and acts similar to a play with sung dialog rather than spoken.

This Austrian ruler emancipated the peasants and made other legal and social changes to “enlighten” culture during his reign. 

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 10 ºC is: (the specific heat for water is s water = 4200 J/kg ºC)

(1567-1643) An important figure in two musical periods, he is an important madrigal composer in the Renaissance style and he composed the first masterpiece of opera, Orfeo, in 1607.

In opera, a piece for solo voice and orchestra accompaniment that reflects on the actions within a dramatic scene that requires emotional comment. The opportunity within an opera for the beautiful reflective song.

This document, authored by Thomas Jefferson, sought to separate America from British rule.  

This Classical composer had a miserable childhood under an abusive father, moved to Vienna, composed just 9 symphonies, and went deaf before his death in 1827.

This classical composer was a prodigy who played the piano, wrote 40 symphonies, numerous operas and other works but died at the age of 35.

A multiple movement form with a standardized three-movement design, fast, slow, fast, which uses a group of soloists pitted against an accompanying orchestra group for the purpose of virtuosic display for a group of instrumental soloists. Popular with the public in the Baroque period.