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Consider a two-player infinitely repeated game between A and B that involves only two strategies – cooperate and defect. Player A employs an open Tit-for-Tat strategy (oTFT – begin the relationship by cooperating, and in each future period choose the action that was chosen by the rival in the preceding period of play) and player B employs a closed Tit-for-Tat strategy (cTFT – begin the relationship by defecting, and in each future period choose the action that was chosen by the rival in the preceding period of play). In the long-term, the cooperative outcome is attainable.

Why can astronomers not measure the diameters of stars directly?

Short Essay:    Discuss Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: 1) What is the concept, and generally speaking, what are the levels? 2) From a personal point of view, describe a time when Maslow’s Theory may have been working through your decision making process. 3)  From an environmental point of view, describe a time when Maslow’s Theory may have been working through our nation’s decision making process.

The original definition of a meter was

Select the phrase that correctly describes smog.

The process of desalination can be summarized as the:

Which of the following would be considered a nonpoint source of pollution?

Short Essay: Many of the environmental issues we learned about in these courses are very large and complex. Explain several things (~4) you could do as an individual in your current lifestyle to work towards a solution to a large, complex environmental issue (e.g., starvation in developing nations, global air pollution, severe drought, etc.)?

Select the secondary pollutant

Short Essay: SCENE SETTING: Over summer break you are relaxing pool-side. You begin a friendly conversation with a climate change skeptic (CCS). You feel confident in taking on this conversation after successfully completing this course.  When responding to the CCS be sure to stick to just the one point that CCS brings up. The conversation begins with you talking about the WWF video of a mother polar bear swimming around looking for food and losing her baby.  You start explaining how this is happening because of global warming.  CCS:       “I don’t know about all of this global warming conspiracy. This past spring was so cold, it even snowed in April!  How is this warming (with air quotes)?”   YOU: 1st response: CCS:      “Ok, ok. But climate is always changing – this is just part of a natural cycle.” YOU: 2nd response:  CCS:      “Maybe…. but, why should I care? I don’t even live by the ocean or near a melting glacier! YOU: 3rd response:  CCS:      Thanks for all this great information and providing me a better understanding of climate change! YOU: Closing response: