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Suppose there is a dispute between two states. The Supreme Court has the authority to hear the case immediately, rather than waiting for lower courts to render their decisions first, under its

Members of Congress often try to secure legislative appropriations for district projects, such as a new senior center or bridge, to improve their reelection chances. These are known as ________ projects.

Which one of the following is an example of an issue or event that caused a realignment?

To overcome ________, interest groups may offer individuals benefits, known as ________, that are enjoyed only by members.

The principal qualification for a president’s appointees in the Executive Office of the President is

Members of Congress use ________, such as helping seniors to get their Social Security checks, to make a personal connection with potential voters, which can help their reelection chances.

If a state official wished to challenge the constitutionality of a federal law, which amendment would she or he most likely cite?

Interest groups seek to influence government policy using various strategies, such as lobbying, drafting legislation, and mobilizing supporters.

II. Essay (40%): Answer ONE (1) of the following questions, with a clear argument and as much specific evidence as you can provide. Include evidence from your reading (textbook & primary sources), lectures, and our discussions. Give specific examples to support what you are saying. NOTE:  Please answer only one essay; I will only grade the first one you do. What events, issues, and factors led to the outbreak of World War II in Europe, and what were the key turning points of the war?  What was America’s involvement in the war?  What were the legacies/results of WWII?   Define and discuss the Cold War (1945-91), including its origins, consequences,  and impact on America and the world.  What was its impact on the various countries involved?   Discuss the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950’s and 1960’s. What led to it and who was involved?  Describe the methods used by activists and whether or not they were successful.  To what extent was the Civil Rights Movement itself a success?  

The ________ is more powerful in the Senate than in the House.