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The fluid outside of a cell is called ________.

Membrane proteins that bind to signals by which cells communicate are called ________.

The sodium-potassium (Na+-K+) pump transports both sodium and potassium ________ their concentration gradients in a process called ________.

An enzyme is substrate-specific because of the shape of its ________.

A mutation is ________.

ATP is required for________ , a process where particles are moved up their concentration gradient.

Which of the following organelles sorts and packages newly formed proteins into membrane-bound vesicles?

The mRNA coding for a polypeptide made of 50 amino acids would have ________ bases.

Ligand-gated ion channels are membrane proteins that open or close in response to the binding of a chemical.

Muscle cells have a high demand for ATP, and would therefore contain many ________ to serve this requirement.