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Betty is about to complete a laboratory task that involves watching specific numbers of items being placed into a bucket with a false bottom. Some of the items go into the false bottom, and some stay in the main part of the bucket for Betty to find. If Betty is a mongoose lemur, and she sees eight items go into the bucket but finds only six items when she reaches in, what will Betty do next?

If a species on another planet had a system of communication that involved symbols (in the form of different squeaks) and rules (the order of the squeaks was important), would this information be enough to indicate that the species is using “language”?

Apart from chimpanzees, researchers have attempted to teach language to _____.

The fact that the word e-mail can be used both as a noun and a verb depending on how words are arranged is an example of  _____.

_____ is the tendency to attribute mental states to other individuals.

The fact that “The dog bit John” means something different from “John bit the dog” is an example of the importance of _____ in language.

Moths that blend in with trees or grasses are:

In artificial language experiments, the chimps were raised in:

Brodbeck and Shettleworth’s experiment revealed that food-storing birds have far superior _____ memory abilities compared to non-storing birds.

In order to test the memory of rats, Stacey trained them to press a lever to earn food whenever they heard an 800-Hz tone. A week later, the rats were exposed to a variety of different tones in order to determine whether they would respond preferentially to the correct tone. Experiments like this demonstrate that the act of remembering can often be thought of as an instance of ​ _____.