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Use the following patient vignette to answer questions 11 – 13. A 35-year-old man presents with sputum producing cough and dyspnea at rest.  Past medical history is significant for a previous diagnosis of premature emphysema at age 28.  The patient denies smoking and excessive alcohol intake or exposure to dust and mold.  Family history is significant for coronary artery disease and pulmonary disease in the patient’s father and only brother.   Vital signs are within normal limits except for blood pressure of 160/120 mmHg on three readings.  Physical examination reveals an ill-appearing man with prolonged expiratory time.   Auscultation of the lungs reveals end-expiratory wheezing.  ECG is within normal limits. 13. What is the next best diagnostic approach for this patient?

Which type of prokaryotes are able to live in the most extreme environments?  

Which chordate retains all 5 chordate characteristics as an adult?  

 The duckbill platypus is an exception to many mammals because it 

Use the following patient vignette to answer questions 32 – 33. A 23-year-old student at CWRU is taken to Student Health by his friend after passing out on a run. The student says he has been experiencing trouble breathing while he runs and has been feeling very tired most of the time. He denies smoking or drinking alcohol in excess. Past medical history is significant for 2 episodes of angina upon exertion. At the physical examination his vitals are HR 80 bpm with a loud P2 (pulmonic) heart sound, BP 120/75 mmHg, RR 18 bpm. He appears to have a slightly lifted sternum but the rest of his physical exam is normal.  CXR shows normal lung fields, with a slightly increased umbra of the pulmonary artery. Cardiac silhouette appears slightly enlarged in the CXR image. 33. What changes on an EKG might you expect to see in this patient?

 Major distinguishing characteristics of all mammals are  

20. Which of the following pathologic findings is most likely in a patient with interstitial lung disease?

Hydrogen and iodine gas react to produce hydrogen iodide gas. What is the value of Keq for this reaction if at equilibrium the concentrations of H2, I2, and HI were and respectively?

36. In patients with asthma, narrowing of the bronchi makes it difficult for them to inhale but significantly more difficult to exhale. Narrowing of the bronchi may be caused by inflammation, bronchospasms or a reversible airflow obstruction. Which of the following characteristics are present with extrinsic asthma? Environmental Triggers Systemic IgE Local IgE A. Yes Yes No B. Yes No No C. No Yes Yes D. No No Yes

The following reaction is second order in [A] and the rate constant is 0.025 M-1s-1: A → B The concentration of A was 0.65 M at 33 s. The initial concentration of A was ________ M.