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What is the Pflex on the following pressure-volume loop?

The point on a static pressure-volume curve (SPV) where the alveoli begin to open is referred to as which of the following?

A 63-year-old, 5’11”, 185 lb male patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is admitted to the hospital due to liver failure. Over the course of the 48 hours he has developed respiratory distress. The respiratory therapist performs a physical assessment and finds the following: heart rate 135 beats/min, respiratory rate 28 with accessory muscle use. Breath sounds are decreased bilaterally with coarse crackles in the right base. A chest X-ray from 24 hours ago shows bilateral lower lobe infiltrates. The patient has a nonproductive cough. The respiratory therapist draws an arterial blood gas that reveals: pH 7.31; partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) 57 mm Hg; partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) 58 mm Hg; arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) 87%; bicarbonate (HCO3–) 27 mEq/L while receiving oxygen via nasal cannula 3 L/min. The respiratory therapist should recommend which of the following for this patient?

What is the flow rate necessary to deliver a tidal volume (VT) of 600 mL, with a constant waveform, at a respiratory rate of 15 breaths/min with an I:E of 1:4?

An increase in airway resistance during pressure-targeted ventilation will have which of the following effects?                                                                         1:3:2

A patient has recently been diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea. The most appropriate treatment includes which of the following?                           2:5:1

The area represented by the letter “Y” in the figure is which of the following?

The lens of the eye thickens when the  
  

The two major components of blood are 

The ventilator mode that delivers pressure breaths that are patient- or time-triggered, volume targeted, time cycled, and where the pressure is automatically adjusted to maintain delivery of the targeted volume is which of the following?                   2:5:6