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Common pulmonary function abnormalities in individuals with moderate to severe obstructive pulmonary disease include which one of the following sets of clinical values?                 FEV1                                      FEV1/FVC                            RV/TLC ratioA            normal                                normal                                normalB            increased                            increased                            increasedC            decreased                           decreased                           increasedD            decreased                           decreased                           decreasedE             decreased                           increased                            increased

Archie is a smiling, 9-month-old male, who waved his arms vigorously, making happy baby noises. He was an active and alert boy. His temperature was 37.9 C and his other vital signs were normal. His right ear exam showed the tympanic membrane to be erythematous with fluid behind the membrane and poor movement. His left tympanic membrane revealed normal landmarks, but had slightly decreased movement. His nose exam showed minor mild erythema with clear to yellow nasal discharge. The rest of his physical examination was normal. The most likely cause of this disease is a gram-positive bacterium for which there are over 90 polysaccharide capsule antigenic types, and antibodies to the capsule are protective. How do we deal with vaccination in light of this problem in currently used vaccines?

A 65 yo man with a 40 pack year history of tobacco abuse undergoes a chest X-ray as part of an evaluation for cough, which suggests a right middle lobe nodule. He has no other significant complaints. A PET-CT reveals a 2 cm nodule, with no other evidence of disease. CT-guided needle biopsy reveals squamous cell carcinoma. The patient’s exam and pulmonary function testing is within normal limits. You inform the patient he has early stage non-small cell lung cancer. When you counsel the patient on treatment, which of the following statements regarding early stage non-small cell lung cancer is the most appropriate?

A 77 yo woman is referred to the UF Health Pulmonary Medicine Clinic for shortness of breath. It was first noticed about 6 months ago, but has worsened since then. PFT produced the following clinical data; Parameter                          Measured Value                               % Predicted ValueFVC                                        3.7 L                                                       65%FEV1                                      2.0 L                                                       60%FEV1/FVC                            54%                                                        58%  She is given Albuterol and the testing is repeated; the same data are observed once again. Based on these findings, which of the following best describes the clinical status of the patient?

Which of the indicated tissues in this section of nasal cavity stained with H&E, is not normally present in the trachea, bronchi, or lungs? 

A 64 yo former Navy shipyard worker, presents with shortening breath and is noted to have a pleural based tumor. The tumor cells show the follow on electron microscopy and are Calretinin positive.  The most likely diagnosis is which of the following?

A 36 y/o overweight man, following a crushing thigh injury, begins ambulating at home when he suddenly notes sudden shortness of breath. In the OR he is breathing rapidly and has a fast pulse. His blood gases show both decreased PaO2 and decreased PaCO2. The most likely diagnosis is which of the following?

A 60 yo man with bacterial endocarditis develops acute onset shortness of breath and hypoxemia. A chest x-ray is shown. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? 

What is the physiological dead space (anatomical plus alveolar) in a patient with a tidal volume of 500 mL, a PACO2 of 60 mmHg and an expired PCO2 of 30 mmHg (mls)?

A 35 year old female who recently returned from a trip to Asia presets with a fever of 39˚C, chills, headache, rigors and has difficulty breathing. Given her travel history (there has recently been an outbreak of SARS in Asia), you take sputum and feces samples and send them off to the lab for testing. Your differential diagnosis includes influenza and SARS. For which of the following viruses that can cause respiratory illness could you expect to find infectious virus excreted in feces?