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The opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by

The carotid bodies contain _________ chemoreceptors that respond to changes in ________________.

Interleukin 1 and interferons act as

The membrane of a contractile cardiac muscle cell contains

Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes destroy infected cells by releasing

A fever __________ reproduction of bacteria and ___________ CAMs on the endothelium of capillaries of lymph nodes.

An actively contracting muscle will cause local temperature to rise and will produce acidic molecules. Warmth and lower pH cause the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve to shift ______ reflecting that hemoglobin releases ______ oxygen.

Norepinephrine is considered a positive chronotropic agent because it causes

A secondary response to an infectious agent has a _______ latent phase than a primary response has.

“Booster” shots are required following certain vaccinations because the memory B-lymphocytes produced in response to the initial vaccination don’t survive indefinitely.