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The specified relationship between behavior and reinforcement is called ______.

When a small reward is less effective than it would normally be because of past experiences with a large reward, this is called ______.

In Pavlov’s theory of conditioning, the conditioned response is ______.

In general, increasing the severity of the aversive events ______.

Marcus is in Vegas and starts to play a slot machine. On his first pull, he wins $1. On his second pull, he wins nothing; on his third pull, he wins nothing, and on his fourth pull, he wins a dollar. Marcus is on which schedule of reinforcement?

Steve is eating a piece of salmon. Three hours later, Steve begins to throw up. Now Steve refuses to eat salmon every time it is served. This is an example of ______.

Overshadowing, blocking, and predictiveness phenomena have been explained by the ______.

For individuals who are addicted, exposure to small doses of the drug ______.

According to opponent process theory, as the intensity of the B state increases ______.

Delivery of an aversive stimulus which causes a reduction in responding is called ______.