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Cartilagenous fishes have a pair of ___ used in copulation. These structures are part of the pelvic fins. 

The ratfish or ghost sharks (Holocephala) are sometimes called ___, because they resemble a monster from Greek mythology. 

Unlike other tetrapods, mammals have ___ (a number) inner ear bones.

___ skulls have two temporal fenestrae. Crocodiles have this type of skull.

Vertebrae consist of three main parts. A centrum, a neural arch, and a ___ arch.

How does the nerve cord of chordates differ from the nerve cord of protostomes?

___ is the common name of a mammal that lays eggs.

What does Creon report?

Assume that two firms (n=2) compete by choosing output levels. Firm 1 produces q1 units of output and firm 2 produces q2 units of output. Total output in the market is given by Q = q1 + q2. Market demand is given by the function P(Q) = 48 – 0.1Q, and the firms have constant marginal (and average) costs of $20 for firm 1 and $25 for firm 2. What is the Cournot profit-maximizing output level for firm 1?

The inverse demand for oranges is defined by P(q) = 282 – 9q, where q is the number of units sold. The inverse supply functions is defined by P(q) = 7 + 2q. A tax of $22 is imposed on suppliers for each of orange sold. What is the price received by suppliers (producers) after the tax is imposed?