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Class switching occurs in what type of cells? What type of genes? Name any class expressed AFTER switching. 

How do prions differ from viruses with respect to what they are made of? 

We have said that the T cell receptor recognizes a compound ligand (one that is made of 2 parts). What are the 2 parts and how do they fit together? 

In the lac operon ___________________ acts as a(n) __________________. 

 Match the disease with the causative agent.     

What is the name for viruses that infect bacteria? 

Your book cites several attributes that help a pathogen to invade human host tissue. Some of these invasiveness factors are  (1) how well it attaches to a host, (2) use of enzymes for entry, (3) using a vector to penetrate the host’s first line of defense, (4) inhibition of phagocytosis, and (5) acquisition of host’s resources. For three of these categories give an example. Please state the invasiveness factor first and then the specific microbe that uses that factor.

Gram positive cells stain ________________. 

There is great diversity in the number of antibodies that people can make. How does the genome encode so many? What “tricks” does the immune system use? What mechanisms contribute to this great diversity? 

Halophiles are able to grow in __________________.