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According to the Manipulation Argument, Haji says that cases of responsibility-undercutting manipulation are relevantly similar to what? 

Which of the following can humans NOT do when it comes to bats? 

In the following, match the quotes with their corresponding missing words. 

Saul says that implicit bias gives rise to a new form of skepticism.  What does she call this new form? 

Fill in the blanks:  JL Mackie discusses four solutions to the problem of evil, which he says are logically fallacious.  The solutions are the following: First, Good cannot [term1] without evil, or Evil is necessary as a [term2] to Good.  Second, Evil is necessary as a [term3] to Good. Third, the [term4] is better with some evil in it than it could be if there were no evil. and Fourth, Evil is due to human [term5]. 

Saul spends some time discussing Miranda Fricker’s suggestion that we correct biases through a kind of individualistic reflection.  However, she thinks this is limiting.  What else does Saul think needs to be done? 

In the following, identify whether the following is a characteristic of the body, a characteristic of the mind, or a characteristic of neither, according to the Official Doctrine:  a)  Subject to mechanical laws – [answer1] b)  Not witnessable by other observers – [answer2] c) Only I can take direct cognisance of the states and processes – [answer3]

Why does the skepticism produced by implicit bias demand action? 

What conclusion does the skepticism created by learning about implicit bias lead to? 

In her discussion about epistemological consequences, Saul says that the problem of implicit bias also occurs in academic settings (both within and outside of the area of philosophy).  Accordingly, members of stigmatized groups can be less respected in their views, and can be given less of an opportunity to particulate fully in discussions.  What, in particular, does Chris Hookway note?