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Cheyne-Stokes respiratory pattern is characterized by increasing rate and depth followed by decreasing rate and depth into periods of apnea. This is indicative of

With a ventilator dependent patient, a list of causes of high-pressure alarms includes

Your 53-year-old male patient was involved in a motor vehicle collision (MVC). He opens his eyes spontaneously. He is disoriented and confused to person, time, and event. When you start an IV in his left arm, he uses his right arm to push your hand away. He has a GCS level of

The respiratory centers in the brain are located in the

Your 26-year-old patient overdosed on heroin. Vital signs are BP 128/73, R 82, and R 6. The patient’s capnography waveform is shown below and is indicative of    

You have successfully intubated your patient and have confirmed tube placement by auscultating lung fields, esophageal detector device, and wave-form capnography. Your EMT-B partner is providing manual ventilations for your patient and you begin transporting the patient. During transport, you notice that the patient’s ETCO2 is now 60. You direct your partner to

A 25-year-old patient complains of sudden onset of severe unexplained dyspnea and chest pain. She tells you that she is healthy, doesn’t drink, but does smoke. This morning, she returned from vacation via a lengthy airplane flight. You suspect

A normal blood serum HCO3- is

A firefighter is overcome by toxic fumes and is pulled from an IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health) environment unconscious. She later awakes, is oriented and denies dyspnea. About 2 days later she starts to experience severe dyspnea, rales/crackles, an oxygen saturation of 89%, and is coughing up pink frothy sputum. Treatments for this patient include

First-line field management of pneumonia may include