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What was the major drawback of the professional model?

Reintegration has a strong theoretical basis in the _______ philosophy of punishment.

Which crime is most often committed by juveniles?

Which is an early form of correctional facility that emphasized separating inmates from society and from one another so that they would have an environment in which to reflect on their wrongdoing, and ponder their reformation?

Which of these counts as a public order crime?

Those convicted of minor crimes with relatively short sentences, as well as those awaiting trial or transfer, are held in:

During the _________, the defendant appears before a judge or magistrate, who decides whether the evidence presented is sufficient for the case to proceed to trial.

These officers perform maintenance and security functions in workshop and educational programs.

The Quakers’ ideals were:

What are criminological theories primarily concerned with?