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After how many trials of failure on a new task will a person’s active, effortful coping be the greatest?

Bem’s self-perception theory challenged the basic tenet of cognitive dissonance theory by arguing that cognition-behavior:

Implementation intentions are effective in goal-setting pursuits because they:

The belief that “I am a competent, moral, and reasonable person” is central to a ________ mindset.

People high in the dispositional need for achievement tend to adopt _________, whereas people high in the dispositional fear of failure tend to adopt _________.

According to research conducted by Gollwitzer, Heckhausen, and Steller (1990), individuals show a “cognitive tuning” toward information expressing the pros and cons of one goal versus rival goals. This process represents a ________ mindset.

Which of the following is a good example of an effective implementation intention?

Initiation rituals in groups such as the military, fraternities, and athletic teams increase acceptance by group members. Initiation rituals increase acceptance by capitalizing on what dissonance-arousing process?

____ can be understood as the psychological state that results when an individual expects that life’s outcomes are uncontrollable.

A(n) _______ is the personal tendency to explain why bad events happen to the self by using attributions that are unstable and controllable.