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2.  Name the following biomolecules.  In the case of peptides, also provide 3- letter codes.  (12 pts – 4 ea.)           a)                                name:                3-letter code:                     b)                          c)                                         

9.  Metabolic pathways begin with initial organic substrate(s) at the first step and end with one or more final (organic or inorganic) products at the last step.  For each pathway below, state the initial substrate(s) and final product(s).  Pathways marked with (*) require either two substrates, two products, or both.  A proton gradient could be considered a product.  Do not count ATP or coenzymes as substrates/products here.  (32 pts – 2 ea. substrate/product)                                                                      initial substrate(s)                                          final product(s)      a) glycolysis (anaerobic conditions)      b) glycogen biosynthesis      c) Krebs cycle*      d) electron transport*      e) beta-oxidation      f) urea cycle*

5.  Define three (3) of the following six biochemical terms – you get to drop three.  Use complete sentences.  If you do all six, I will grade only the first three.  (6 pts – 2 ea.)      a) biochemistry –      b) primary structure (of protein) –      c) carbohydrate –      d) metabolic pathway –      e) lipid bilayer –      f) codon –

7.  Matching.  Below are structures of biomolecules and coenzymes encountered in this course.  In the blank provided, write the number of the term that best describes/names the structure given.  (16 pts – 2 ea.)             a) _____                                                                                 b)  _____                                 c) _____                                                                                 d)  _____                                                                                                           e) _____                                                                                 f)  _____                                                                                                                    g) _____                                                                                 h)  _____                                           adenosine triphosphate                  8.  FAD                                        15.  S-adenosylmethionine alditol                                               9.  fructose                                  16.  sphingomyelin ascorbic acid                                  10.  glycerophospholipid                 17.  sucrose biotin                                              11.  lactose                                   18.  sugar phosphate carnitine                                         12.  lipoic acid                              19.  tetrahydrofolate coenzyme A                                   13.  NAD+                                     20.  thymine nucleotide cytidine nucleoside                       14.  oligopeptide                          21.  triacylglycerol

13.  Answer part a) or b), NOT both.      a) What will happen in a muscle cell if citrate is high?  Think about ALL pathways now – including fatty acid metabolism.  A successful answer will mention three key regulatory enzymes (2 ea.) and address at least four pathways (1 ea.) affected by this situation.  It has to be reasonable to receive full credit.  (10 pts)   OR      b)    Describe the events of the Q cycle of Complex III.  Begin with dihydroubiquinone binding the complex.  Be sure to account for two electrons going to Complex IV.  (10 pts)    

11.  A unicellular organism is discovered in remote lake. It possesses no nucleus, haploid DNA, and an abundance of phosphatidylcholines in its cell membrane.      a) In which Domain does this organism belong:  Archaea, Bacteria, or Eukarya?  (2 pts)      b) The organism is found to be aerobic.  What does this mean?  (2 pts)      c) List the five characteristics of life, most of which this organism should exhibit.  (4 pts)      d) This organism’s F1F0-ATPase has 14 c subunits in its c collar.  Calculate the ATP yield from one of the following fuels – your choice.  Assume aerobic conditions and use of the malate-aspartate shuttle.  Do NOT do both.  (6 pts)                 myristic acid  (Myristic acid is 14:0.  Don’t forget the cost of activation.)         OR                          fructose-6-phosphate        e) The organism is found to biosynthesize glycine by the following novel pathway.  Below four of the yields arrows are blanks labeled 1 through 4; fill them in by either giving the specific enzyme class name or EC number of the enzyme employed.  For EC numbers, just fill in the given blanks; sometimes one or two digits are needed.  (6 pts – 1 ea. blank)         

12.  Below is the 5’ to 3’ sequence of DNA that codes for part of a protein.          a) Use the given base sequence to construct both the mRNA sequence coded by the DNA and the protein coded by the mRNA.  You may use 1- or 3-letter code for the protein sequence.  You may construct the 3’ to 5’ DNA sequence from which the mRNA is built, but doing so is not necessary.  (6 pts – 3 pts mRNA; 3 pts protein) 5’ to 3’:  G A C C T A G C G C G T C T G G T G A G T C T C T T T G C T A T G T A T 3’ to 5’: mRNA: protein:         b) Examine the amino acid sequence you have found.  Does it code for an alpha-helix, beta-sheet, intrinsically disordered region, or loop?  Point out two features of the amino acid sequence that support your conclusion.  (6 pts)  

A participle may be turned into a noun by adding -ia or -tia to the end. A noun like “reverentia” becomes _____ in English.

What does APM (committee) stand for?

An agency may be terminated by