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Independent administrative agencies are referred to as the fourth branch of government because of the nature of their power to regulate within their scope of authority.   Their power comes from their authority  to create  regulations (legislative), the ability to  enforce those regulations (executive) and their ability to adjudicate violations of these regulations (judicial).

Following the invention of the printing press the Courts developed the legal Doctrine of ___________________ .  This doctrine established more uniformity in judicial decisions because it provides that judges make decisions based on precedent.        

The 8th Amendment contains protections from:

Court systems are defined geographically.  Personal jurisdiction is based on the courts’ jurisdiction over the persons and the property found in that court’s geographic area.

A request for admission is a discovery tool that is used to save time at trial by agreeing to undisputed minor matters that easily be established and  proven at trial.  

One method that my be used by a Plaintiff to collect a judgment is a Writ of Garnishment.  This writ is used to :

The purposes of dicsovery include all the following except:

The Commerce Clause provides that the U.S. Congress is expressly delegated the power to regulate commerce among the several states.  The original standard was applied when commerce was “substantially affected”.  This has been interpreted to allow Congress to regulate almost every commercial enterprise in the U.S.

The strongest method of Alternative Dispute Resolution is ______________________ because the final decision is binding on the parties.

One thing state and federal courts have in common is that the judges in both court systems are elected.