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The modular arithmetic/remainder of 29 mod 4 is          .

In cryptography, the key take-home message of the birthday phenomenon is to         when collisions matter.

If we assume that the encryption of ‘PLAINTEXT’ with a Caesar cipher is ‘WSHPUALEA’, what key is used in the encryption?

Which of the following is/are a weakness in the Caesar cipher? (Select all that apply.)

Assume there is a six-face dice and all the outcomes are equally likely. When one tosses this dice once, the probability of getting either 1, 3 or 5 is ________.

The LCM (least common multiple) of 16 and 20 is        .

Which of the following number is valid for the probability of an event?

Which of the following security objectives aims at binding an identity to a subject?

In the Vigenère cipher, each letter in a secret key is associated with a numerical value (A=0, B=1, …, Z=25). If a letter from the secret key is ‘A’, what does the letter ‘A’ indicate?

Which of the following is true about integrity?