Scientists measured the pressure in the xylem of redwood tre…

Scientists measured the pressure in the xylem of redwood trees at different heights and found that the higher they made their measurements, the lower the pressure. They extrapolated this to a pressure of zero, and concluded that the tallest a tree could grow is 122–130 meters. The tallest known tree on Earth is 112.7 meters. What assumption were the scientists making to conclude that when pressure was zero, the plant could grow no further?

Botox is a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botul…

Botox is a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. When ingested with tainted food, botox can cause distress by paralyzing the intestines, and, in high doses, can kill by paralyzing muscles needed for breathing and heartbeating. Why would botox be an adaptation for Clostridium botulinum?