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Particularly in response to the Second Great Awakening, the first half of the nineteenth century saw an increasing concern in regards to the regulation of female sexuality.  One notable attempt to curtail women’s desires and limit masturbatory habits was [BLANK-1].  Women began to wear extremely loose-fitting clothing and underwear in order to eliminate any friction between clothing and genitalia (in the hopes that this would inhibit women’s sexual desires).

Formed in 1828, [BLANK-1] exemplified the New Popular Politics of the Jacksonian Era and a drift away from the sectional unity of earlier eras of American politics. Market conditions had put pressure on artisanal craftsmen and they recognized that clear differences existed between varied members of local and regional communities. This group embodied the new democratic mood of animosity toward the “monied aristocracy.”

[BLANK-1] in 1856 proved to be a turning point in John Brown’s mission and further radicalized the already radical abolitionist and terrorist. In this engagement, 250 Missouri militiamen set out to destroy a free-state town in Kansas and capture John Brown. They failed to capture Brown, but killed his son Frederick and burned the town. Following this event, Brown set his mind to overthrowing the government and forcibly eliminating slavery. He said, “God sees it. I have only a short time to live—only one death to die, and I will die fighting this cause. There will be no more peace in this land until slavery is done for. I will give them something else to do than extend slave territory.”

William Tecumseh Sherman was a Union general known for [BLANK-1] and associated with the shift toward a Total War strategy in the latter part of the Civil War. His approach was to inflict the maximum amount of damage on the very fabric of southern life in hopes that the South would choose to surrender rather than face total destruction. Sherman embodied this stratagem when he said that he would “make war so terrible…make them so sick of war that generations would pass away before they would again appeal to it.”

Part 3 Essay Question [40%]:Your essay should have an introduction with a clear and specific thesis, a body with evidence, and a conclusion that reinforces your central argument. Select the option you feel the most comfortable with and answer it to the best of your ability.Choose ONE (1) of the following options: Explain the outcome of the Election of 1824. Who was elected president and by what means?  How did this man’s election anger the American electorate and lead to the election of a political outsider in the following two elections? Who was the political outsider who was perceived by his supporters to have been deprived of the presidency in the Election of 1824? How did this election lead to the rise of the Second American Party System? What were the major parties of that system, who were the leaders of the parties, and to whom did they appeal? Which political party tended to dominate the Second American Party System?Chart the rise of Methodism in the United States.  When did Methodists begin to gain traction in the United States and what spiritual movement hastened the denomination’s growth?  How was Methodism able to take advantage of some of the characteristics of this spiritual movement in order to expand?  In what ways did Methodism differ from early, more-traditional forms of American Christianity like the Congregationalists and Episcopalians?  What were Circuit Riders and how did they contribute to the expansion of Methodism?Chart the development of a unique African-American culture before and during the Cotton Revolution. List and describe some of the aspects of African-American cultural practices. How did these cultural practices help to unify African-American communities and aid in resistance against slave masters? What were some of the challenges that African-American families faced and how did the rise of African-American culture help to alleviate some of these familial problems?

[BLANK-1] was a filibusterer who unsuccessfully attempted to liberate Cuba from the Spanish and to annex it for the United States.

[BLANK-1] was an important founding father, leading Anti-Federalist, and author of Virginia’s state Declaration of Rights.  He opposed ratification of the constitution as he felt that without explicit guarantees to the contrary, American citizens risked losing their personal liberty to the powerful federal government.  His Enlightenment-inspired ideas for a national guarantee of individual rights was initially voted down at the Constitutional Convention; however, his suggestions became a rallying cry for Anti-Federalists and would lead directly to the inclusion of the Bill of Rights in the Constitution.

American leaders such as Henry Clay, James Madison, James Monroe, and John Quincy Adams supported federal funding for infrastructure projects to help stimulate the American economy. Their federal funding for such initiatives (part of Clay’s American System) helped to spark the transformative movement known as [BLANK-1]. The National Road, Wilderness Road, Federal Road, numerous canals, and (the state-funded) Erie Canal were all aspects of this movement.

Abigail AdamsThe AlbanyThe Articles of ConfederationThe Battle of Harlem HeightsThe Battle of SaratogaBenedict ArnoldBenjamin FranklinThe Bill for Establishing Religious RightsCaptivity NarrativesCoffee HousesCovertureThe Declaration of Independence Draft CommitteeEnglish Religious Cultures in AmericaThe Fall of PhiladelphiaThe First Continental CongressFrench Religious Cultures in AmericaHoratio GatesJohn AdamsJohn and Mary Curtis FennoJohn DickinsonJohn LockeJonathan EdwardsThe Marketplace of RevolutionNathaniel GreeneThe Paxton BoysRepublcianismSamuel AdamsThe Smallpox Inoculation DebateSpanish Religious Cultures in AmericaValley Forge

The American SystemBobalitionClock DisciplineThe Constitutional ConventionDisestablismentThe Era of Good FeelingsFrancis Cabot LowellGeorge MasonGerman ImmigrationIndustrial RevolutionIrish ImmigrationJewish ImmigrationLewis and ClarkThe Market RevolutionRe-ExportsRomantic ChildhoodTenskwatawa’s Witch HuntsThe Transportation RevolutionWar HawksWashington’s Farewell Address