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The experiment shown below demonstrates the molecular effects of _________, in specifying _________ neural tube fates. Fill in the blanks. 

Which of the following statement best describes where spermatogonia are located in the testes.

One of your colleagues shows you these images of cross-sections from control (A) and mutant (B) E10.5 mouse embryos with a dotted line surrounding the DRG. The sections were incubated with a probe that labels activated Caspases (the dark product). Deletion of which gene would most likely result in the relative increase in caspase activation seen in the mutant DRG in B?  

Hirschsprung disease (aka congenital aganglionic megacolon) stems from a failure of enteric nervous system (ENS) innervation of the distal colon resulting in the inability to pass stool. Scientists studying this disease are interested in modeling the ENS in culture  beginning with human iPSCs. Considering what we know about the developmental pathway leading to ENS cells, what cell type would the scientist need to first differentiate the iPSCs into prior to generating ENS cells? 

Describe a region in the oceans that experiences lower salinity than average. 

Terrigenous sediments are found where?

This test is closed book and closed notes (including physical copies of your cheat sheet) and must be your sole, individual work.Answer each question with a single answer unless otherwise stated.

Mg is commonly removed from oceans due to? 

Thomas2.docx

Which rock dissolves the slowest in water?