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Hirschsprung disease (aka congenital aganglionic megacolon) stems from a failure of enteric nervous system (ENS) innervation of the distal colon resulting in the inability to pass stool. Scientists studying this disease are interested in modeling the ENS in culture  beginning with human iPSCs. Considering what we know about the developmental pathway leading to ENS cells, what cell type would the scientist need to first differentiate the iPSCs into prior to generating ENS cells? 

Describe a region in the oceans that experiences lower salinity than average. 

Terrigenous sediments are found where?

This test is closed book and closed notes (including physical copies of your cheat sheet) and must be your sole, individual work.Answer each question with a single answer unless otherwise stated.

Mg is commonly removed from oceans due to? 

Thomas2.docx

Which rock dissolves the slowest in water? 

What is a major sink of Si in the modern oceans?

A water solution with very few dissolved ions can buffer pH changes 

On a warm sunny day, do you expect the air temperature to get warmer or colder as you approach a lake? Explain how this is related to hydrogen bonds.