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Christine uses an electric can opener to open cans of dog food. After the first few times of using the electric opener to open the dog food, she notices that her dog starts to salivate just at the sound of the electric can opener in anticipation of food. According to the principles of classical conditioning, the electric can opener has become an effective _____ for Christine’s dog.

_________is the first stage of information processing, where information is modified so that it can be placed in memory.

A(n) __________ is a state of deprivation. 

Dana learned to cook by watching her mother cook rather than by means of direct experience. In the context of observational learning, Dana’s mother was a _____ for her.

Episodic memory is also referred to as _____.

In Freud’s psychodynamic theory, __________ is the ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas from conscious awareness.

In short-term memory, an image tends to fade after _____ if it is not repeated or rehearsed.

__________is the acquisition of knowledge and skills by watching others rather than by means of direct experience.

Which of the following best illustrates operant conditioning according to Skinner?

_____ is the loss of memory of personal information that is thought to stem from psychological conflict or trauma.