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Ford Motor Company’s marketing department has recently been restructured to implement a brand management strategy. This is an example of departmentalization by product.

Target has several layers of management in between the entry-level management position and CEO. This implies that the span of management for each manager is relatively narrow and the organizational height of Target is tall.

Gina Robinson, Inc. (GRI)GRI management has decided to reinvent the culture of the organization. Previously, the company tried to make jobs more appealing by adding more responsibilities to each job description. However, this did not work. Next, the company decided to add flextime. It believed that this would make employees more dedicated.GRI then introduced even more work options for employees. For example, management decided to group all full-time employees into teams to allow employees with different backgrounds to learn from each other. Many different kinds of teams were allowed, as long as the group members did not interact via the Internet or any other electronic means. The managers reasoned that team members must work face to face to learn from and truly engage with each other.Once these teams were formed, GRI management noticed that the quality of employees’ work was much improved. The managers also observed that people felt much more comfortable with and tolerant of each other. Refer to Gina Robinson, Inc. Previously, what technique did GRI management try in order to make jobs more appealing?

The human resource manager of one of Hershey Foods’ production facilities has been noticing an increase in absenteeism among assembly-line workers in the chocolate bar plant. Switching to a job rotation system would probably significantly decrease the amount of absenteeism.

Committees are necessary in an organization but do not offer any advantages over individual decisions and actions.

The amount of products or services an organization can produce in a given time is known as its capacity.

Productivity is a measure of output per unit of time per worker.

The examination of work in process for the purpose of controlling quality is called

Informal groups are never powerful within an organization.

Many online companies strive to have a corporate culture based on trust and friendship among employees, a strong commitment to the company, and a relaxed and informal atmosphere. This is a ____ culture.