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Despite the pathway of an offender through the justice system typically being viewed as horizontal in nature (with the exception of the wedding cake model), there are many points where an offender can take a vertical pathway out of the system.   

Closely associated with equal employment opportunity is the practice of:   

In recent years, people involved with courtroom matters have become much less friendly and less well-behaved.   

Homeland Security Investigations, Enforcement and Removal Operations, Management and Administration are the three main branches of:

The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) operates institutions at ____ levels of security.         

Digital recording, hearings conducted via videoconferencing, and the use of tablets and apps to present evidence are all examples of emerging technologies used in the courts. 

The four general categories of factors that affect an officer’s decision making are organizational factors, neighborhood factors, situational factors, and individual characteristics. True or false?             

Rape and theft are often referred to as public order or victimless crimes. 

Sources of the police subculture include: 

Federal sentencing guidelines are to be merely advisory and not mandatory.