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Welcome to Quiz 2! This quiz consists of five questions. Remember, the goal of this quiz is to assess your correct understanding of course concepts. You are not expected to go into great depth on these topics; you need only provide enough depth to demonstrate that you know the concept. You are encourage to break your answer into paragraphs and to use Canvas’s rich text formatting options. You can use bold, italics, and underline to emphasize your primary points. The expectation is that you should not need the entire time to complete this quiz; we expect each question to be adequately answerable in around twelve sentences, broken into three to four short paragraphs. We recommend structuring your answer to follow the prompt: generally, one paragraph per paragraph in the prompt, or one shorter paragraph per term from a list of terms to define. We encourage you to answer in paragraphs, but answering in bulleted lists and outlines can also be acceptable; we just find that paragraphs lend themselves to more thorough definitions and applied examples. You will not be penalized for using an outline format, but make sure you’re including as much demonstration of your understanding as you would in a free text response. Pay special attention to the bolded words in each question, as they are intended to drive your focus to what each question aims to assess. Remember, you can access additional formatting options by clicking the three dots above the text box:  

Chapter 4 of I. Scott MacKenzie’s Human-Computer Interaction: An Empirical Research Perspective and “Survey Research in HCI” by Hendrik Müller, Aaron Sedley, and Elizabeth Ferrall-Nunge together provide a strong overview of the use of surveys in human-computer interaction research. Imagine you are running a study where you want to evaluate users of GPS navigation tools (e.g. Google Maps, Apple Maps, Waze, car manufacturers’ on-board navigation systems, etc.) about their use habits. Because you want to evaluate a variety of tools, you opt for survey research. First, describe some data you will seek to gather from this survey. The data you gather must include at least one example each of nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio, and qualitative data. Make sure to identify which data are of each type. Then, describe who the study’s population, sampling frame, sample, and respondents would be, and explain how each of those categories is derived from the previous one. Finally, describe at least two reasons your study’s findings might not be generalizable, either due to issues of validity or due to potential biases. Remember, our goal is to assess your understanding of the relevant course concepts, not compare your answer to a pre-established list of correct answers. You may articulate your assumptions or add additional details necessary to allow you to demonstrate you understanding.

The classical school of criminology is based on the assumption that

What type of data source suggests that the gender differences in crime may be narrowing?

Which of the following is not one of the features of Bowlby’s theory of attachment?

Differential association-reinforcement theory suggests that

After evaluating the existing literature on the relationship between IQ and crime, Travis Hirschi and Michael Hindelang concluded that

_______________ allows scientists to test hypotheses about how two or more variables are related.

The life-course perspective argues that

The term “deviance” describes behavior that violates social norms.